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Vitamin D is a nutrient, hormone, and immune modulator. Vitamin D (cholecalciferol) is a fat-soluble vitamin derived from 7-dehydrocholesterol, which is synthesized in our body (in the skin) under the influence of ultraviolet sunlight to form vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). There is also a less active form of this vitamin, which is formed in the skin of humans from plant-based foods rich in ergosterol β D2 (ergocalciferol). From the skin, vitamin D enters the liver, where it is converted into a hormone form that regulates calcium homeostasis, and then to the kidneys. This active form of vitamin D stimulates the production of a specific calcium-binding protein in the intestines and kidneys, which enhances calcium absorption.
As a key component of the immune system, vitamin D plays a vital role in maintaining overall health and supporting the body's natural defenses. It is essential for bone health, muscle function, and the regulation of various physiological processes.