Iodine: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, and Precautions

Iodine is a potent antiseptic agent widely recognized for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. Its primary active component, molecular iodine, exhibits exceptional efficacy against a range of microorganisms. When applied topically to larger skin areas, iodine demonstrates a resorptive effect, influencing metabolic processes, enhancing dissimilation, and participating in the synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, crucial thyroid hormones. The inclusion of ethyl alcohol in many iodine preparations slows iodine’s excretion and mitigates its potential irritant effect on tissues.

Iodine effectively combats both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, demonstrating particularly strong activity against Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli. It also proves effective against pathogenic fungi and yeasts.

Uses:

• Inflammatory and infectious skin diseases
• Abrasions, cuts, and minor wounds
• Myositis (muscle inflammation)
• Neuralgia (nerve pain)
• Inflammatory infiltrates
• Pre-operative skin disinfection before injections, punctures, and catheterization

Contraindications:

• Hypersensitivity (allergy) to iodine
• Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis)
• Herpetiform dermatitis

Application and Dosage:

Iodine solutions are applied topically to affected skin areas or those requiring disinfection. For surgical site preparation, the skin should be swabbed twice with a sterile gauze pad soaked in the iodine solution. The total application time should be approximately 4-6 minutes.

Side Effects:

• Skin irritation
• Allergic reactions (itching)
• Iodism (with prolonged use on extensive wound surfaces): This can manifest as rhinitis (runny nose), urticaria (hives), angioedema (Quincke’s edema), increased salivation, lacrimation (tearing), and acne.

Important Note:

This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional before using iodine, especially if you have pre-existing medical conditions or are pregnant or breastfeeding. They can assess your individual needs and advise on the appropriate use and potential risks.